EducationCity: Language Arts

Language

• L.K.1a

  Print many upper- and lowercase letters.

• L.K.1b

  Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs.

• L.K.1d

  Understand and use question words (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how).

• L.K.1f

  Produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities.

• L.K.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.K.2a

  Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I.

• L.K.2b

  Recognize and name end punctuation.

• L.K.2c

  Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes).

• L.K.2d

  Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships.

• L.1.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.1.1a

  Print all upper- and lowercase letters.

• L.1.1b

  Use common, proper, and possessive nouns.

• L.1.1c

  Use singular and plural nouns with matching verbs in basic sentences (e.g., He hops; We hop).

• L.1.1d

  Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns (e.g., I, me, my; they, them, their, anyone, everything).

• L.1.1e

  Use verbs to convey a sense of past, present, and future (e.g., Yesterday I walked home; Today I walk home; Tomorrow I will walk home).

• L.1.1f

  Use frequently occurring adjectives.

• L.1.1g

  Use frequently occurring conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so, because).

• L.1.1h

  Use determiners (e.g., articles, demonstratives).

• L.1.1i

  Use frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., during, beyond, toward).

• L.1.1j

  Produce and expand complete simple and compound declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences in response to prompts.

• L.1.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.1.2a

  Capitalize dates and names of people.

• L.1.2b

  Use end punctuation for sentences.

• L.1.2c

  Use commas in dates and to separate single words in a series.

• L.1.2d

  Use conventional spelling for words with common spelling patterns and for frequently occurring irregular words.

• L.1.2e

  Spell untaught words phonetically, drawing on phonemic awareness and spelling conventions.

• L.1.4

  Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies.

• L.1.4a

  Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

• L.1.4b

  Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word.

• L.1.4c

  Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking).

• L.1.5

  With guidance and support from adults, demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

• L.1.5a

  Sort words into categories (e.g., colors, clothing) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent.

• L.1.5b

  Define words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., a duck is a bird that swims; a tiger is a large cat with stripes).

• L.1.5c

  Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., note places at home that are cozy).

• L.1.5d

  Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs differing in manner (e.g., look, peek, glance, stare, glare, scowl) and adjectives differing in intensity (e.g., large, gigantic) by defining or choosing them or by acting out the meanings.

• L.1.6

  Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., because).

• L.2.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.2.1a

  Use collective nouns (e.g., group).

• L.2.1b

  Form and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish).

• L.2.1c

  Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves).

• L.2.1d

  Form and use the past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs (e.g., sat, hid, told).

• L.2.1e

  Use adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be modified.

• L.2.1f

  Produce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences (e.g., The boy watched the movie; The little boy watched the movie; The action movie was watched by the little boy).

• L.2.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.2.2a

  Capitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names.

• L.2.2b

  Use commas in greetings and closings of letters.

• L.2.2c

  Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives.

• L.2.2d

  Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage → badge; boy → boil).

• L.2.2e

  Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings.

• L.3.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.3.1a

  Explain the function of nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs in general and their functions in particular sentences.

• L.3.1b

  Form and use regular and irregular plural nouns.

• L.3.1c

  Use abstract nouns (e.g., childhood).

• L.3.1d

  Form and use regular and irregular verbs.

• L.3.1e

  Form and use the simple (e.g., I walked; I walk; I will walk) verb tenses.

• L.3.1f

  Ensure subject-verb and pronoun-antecedent agreement.*

• L.3.1g

  Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be modified.

• L.3.1h

  Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.

• L.3.1i

  Produce simple, compound, and complex sentences.

• L.3.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.3.2a

  Capitalize appropriate words in titles.

• L.3.2b

  Use commas in addresses.

• L.3.2d

  Form and use possessives.

• L.3.2e

  Use conventional spelling for high-frequency and other studied words and for adding suffixes to base words (e.g., sitting, smiled, cries, happiness).

• L.3.2f

  Use spelling patterns and generalizations (e.g., word families, position-based spellings, syllable patterns, ending rules, meaningful word parts) in writing words.

• L.3.2g

  Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings.

• L3.2c

  Use commas and quotation marks in dialogue.

• L.4.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.4.1a

  Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).

• L.4.1b

  Form and use the progressive (e.g., I was walking; I am walking; I will be walking) verb tenses.

• L.4.1c

  Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.

• L.4.1d

  Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).

• L.4.1e

  Form and use prepositional phrases.

• L.4.1f

  Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.*

• L.4.1g

  Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).*

• L.4.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.4.2a

  Use correct capitalization.

• L.4.2b

  Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.

• L.4.2c

  Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.

• L.4.2d

  Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.

• L.4.4

  Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

• L.4.4a

  Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

• L.4.4b

  Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).

• L.4.5a

  Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors (e.g., as pretty as a picture) in context.

• L.4.5b

  Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.

• L.4.6

  Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation).

• L.5.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.5.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.5.4

  Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

• L.5.4a

  Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

• L.5.4b

  Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis).

• L.5.5

  Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

• L.5.5a

  Interpret figurative language, including similes and metaphors, in context.

• L.5.5b

  Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.

• L.5.5c

  Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to better understand each of the words.

• L.5.6

  Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal contrast, addition, and other logical relationships (e.g., however, although, nevertheless, similarly, moreover, in addition).

• L.6.1

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

• L.6.1.A

  Ensure that pronouns are in the proper case (subjective, objective, possessive).

• L.6.1.B

  Use intensive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves).

• L.6.1.C

  Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person.

• L.6.1.D

  Recognize and correct vague pronouns (i.e., ones with unclear or ambiguous antecedents).

• L.6.1.E

  Recognize variations from standard English in their own and others' writing and speaking, and identify and use strategies to improve expression in conventional language.

• L.6.2

  Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

• L.6.2.A

  Use punctuation (commas, parentheses, dashes) to set off nonrestrictive/parenthetical elements.*

• L.6.2.B

  Spell correctly.

• L.6.4.B

  Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).