- L.5.1
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- L.5.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.5.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.5.3a
Expand, combine, and reduce sentences for meaning, reader/listener interest, and style.
- L.5.3b
Compare and contrast the varieties of English (e.g., dialects, registers) used in stories, dramas, or poems.
- L.5.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.5.4a
Use context (e.g., cause/effect relationships and comparisons in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- L.5.4b
Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., photograph, photosynthesis).
- L.5.4c
Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
- L.5.5
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.5.5a
Interpret figurative language, including similes and metaphors, in context.
- L.5.5b
Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.
- L.5.5c
Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonyms, antonyms, homographs) to better understand each of the words.
- L.5.6
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal contrast, addition, and other logical relationships (e.g., however, although, nevertheless, similarly, moreover, in addition).
- L.6.1
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- L.6.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.6.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.6.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.6.5
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.6.6
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
- L.7.1
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- L.7.1a
Explain the function of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences.
- L.7.1b
Choose among simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to signal differing relationships among ideas.
- L.7.1c
Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, recognizing and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers.*
- L.7.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.7.2a
Use a comma to separate coordinate adjectives (e.g., It was a fascinating, enjoyable movie but not He wore an old[,] green shirt).
- L.7.2b
Spell correctly.
- L.7.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.7.3a
Choose language that expresses ideas precisely and concisely, recognizing and eliminating wordiness and redundancy.*
- L.7.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 7 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.7.4a
Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- L.7.4b
Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., belligerent, bellicose, rebel).
- L.7.4c
Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
- L.7.4d
Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
- L.7.5
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.7.5a
Interpret figures of speech (e.g., literary, biblical, and mythological allusions) in context.
- L.7.5b
Use the relationship between particular words (e.g., synonym/antonym, analogy) to better understand each of the words.
- L.7.5c
Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., refined, respectful, polite, diplomatic, condescending).
- L.7.6
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
- L.8.1
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- L.8.1a
Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.
- L.8.1b
Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice.
- L.8.1c
Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.
- L.8.1d
Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.*
- L.8.2
Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.8.2a
Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.
- L.8.2b
Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.
- L.8.2c
Spell correctly.
- L.8.3
Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.8.3a
Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).
- L.8.4
Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.8.4a
Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- L.8.4b
Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
- L.8.4c
Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
- L.8.4d
Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
- L.8.5
Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.8.5a
Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.
- L.8.5b
Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.
- L.8.5c
Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).
- L.8.6
Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.
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